カザフスタン、長年LPGは、政府が補助を出して生産コスト以下の価格で売られてきたため、輸出を促す結果となり、国内で供給不足を招き、国民にとってエネルギー料金が2倍に跳ね上がったのが引き金らしいのです。
そこに至るまでには、他にも不満が蓄積していたのでしょう。
この抗議デモの広がりにより、5日に内閣が総辞職する事態となったとのこと。
天然ガスの共同購入と戦略備蓄を訴えている一部の欧州連合(EU)加盟国は、政府が負担の一部を担わなかった場合に何が起こるかを、このカザフの混乱が、欧州諸国の指導者らにとってタイムリーな警鐘を鳴らしているようです。
国民はどこでもいつも最大の被害者!
早速、VOAで英語を学び、世界を学びましょう!!
カザフスタンの騒乱の背景には何があるのか(和訳)
What’s Behind the Unrest in Kazakhstan January 06, 2022
中央アジアのカザフスタンでは、約30年前の独立以来、最悪の街頭抗議デモが発生しています。
警察は、主要都市アルマトイで数人の暴徒を殺害し、2,000人を逮捕したと発表しました。国営テレビは、この暴動で治安部隊の13人も死亡したと報じた。ロイター通信によると、アルマトイの大統領官邸と市長室がともに火災に見舞われたといいます。
カシムジョマルト・トカエフ大統領はまず、水曜日未明に政府全体を解散させ、群衆を鎮めようとしました。しかし、その日の終わりまでに、彼は戦略を変更しました。
そして、トカエフ大統領は、デモ参加者は外国で訓練されたテロリストであると主張しました。そして、ロシアが主導する軍事同盟、集団安全保障条約機構(CSTO)に、騒乱を止めるための支援を訴えました。
一夜明けて、ロシアは旧ソビエト連邦共和国に軍隊を送り込み、抗議行動を制圧する手助けをしました。木曜日の午後には、カザフスタン軍が、デモ隊に奪われた同市の空港の制圧を再開しました。
この騒乱は、カザフスタンの2つの強力な隣国に懸念を引き起こしています。ロシアと中国です。カザフスタンはロシアの重要な同盟国です。そして、同国は石油輸出のほとんどを中国に販売しています。
What’s Behind the Unrest in Kazakhstan
The Central Asian nation of Kazakhstan is experiencing the worst street protests since gaining independence some 30 years ago.
Police said they had killed several rioters in the main city of Almaty and arrested 2,000 people. State television reported that 13 members of the security forces had also died in the violence. Reuters reported that both the presidential home and the mayor's office in Almaty were on fire.
President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev first sought to calm the crowds by dismissing the entire government early Wednesday. By the end of the day, he changed his strategy.
Tokayev then claimed the protestors were foreign-trained terrorists. Then he appealed to a Russian-led military alliance, the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), for help in stopping the unrest.
Overnight, Russia sent troops into the former Soviet Union republic to help control the protests. By Thursday afternoon, the Kazakhstan military regained control of the city’s airport which had been taken earlier by protestors.
The unrest is causing concern in Kazakhstan's two powerful neighbors: Russia and China. Kazakhstan is an important Russian ally. And the country sells most of its oil exports to China.
Why are people angry?
Kazakhstan declared independence in 1991 after the breakup of the former Soviet Union. The country has a large natural supply of oil, natural gas, uranium, and other metals.
Its wealth gave rise to a solid middle class, but poverty is still widespread. The average national monthly salary is just under $600. The banking system is failing and corruption is commonplace.
The protests started after a sudden rise in the price of car fuel in the western oil town of Zhanaozen. Many people there feel that the area’s energy wealth has not been spread fairly among the population. In 2011, police killed at least 15 people in the city who were protesting in support of oil workers dismissed after a strike.
When gas prices doubled overnight Saturday, anger exploded. People in nearby cities quickly joined in and within days large protests had spread to the rest of the country. The tens of thousands of protestors are now aiming to overthrow the government.
Who is leading the protests?
Kazakhstan had seen major demonstrations in 2016 and 2019. But critics of the government are usually suppressed. So, while the current protests are unusually large, no leaders have arisen.
Much of the anger displayed on the streets was directed at former President Nursultan Nazarbayev. In 2019, Nazarbayev stepped down and named Tokayev as the next president. Nazarbayev, however, continues to hold power as head of the security council that oversees the military and security services.
Tokayev announced Wednesday that he was taking over from Nazarbayev as security council head. He also said the government would seek reforms and possible political liberalization. But Tokayev’s actions suggested he would continue to suppress the protestors.
Words in This Story
mayor — n. an official who is elected to be the head of the government of a city or town
strategy — n. a careful plan or method for achieving a particular goal usually over a long period of time
salary — n. an amount of money that an employee is paid each year